AIKO, a China-based manufacturer of PV modules, has developed a patented two-step process for N-Type All Back Contact (ABC)solar cells. It separates the formation of p-type and n-type layers, improving passivation quality and boosting efficiency beyond 27%. This method overcomes limitations of traditional one-step BC processes by allowing both sides of the cell to be optimized independently. BSG and PSG are used as natural, self-aligned masks formed during high-temperature diffusion, eliminating external masking and reducing contamination risk. The process is simplified, and material use is reduced. Thermal field simulation ensures 0.5°C temperature precision, while laser patterning improves layer uniformity and consistency. These innovations maintain production reliability and scalability, bringing ABC module costs close to TOPCon and PERC levels and making the technology ready for global-scale deployment.In a related move, the company has now adopted copper to replace silver in ABC solar modules, aiming to further reduce costs and improve material efficiency.