A research team from India has conducted a comparative analysis of standalone PV and hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) systems under identical conditions. The team stated that the hybrid PVT system has achieved a peak thermal efficiency of 43.37%, along with a maximum thermal output of 315.6 W and a total thermal energy yield of 1415.7 Wh. As per the research team, the electrical efficiency of the hybrid PVT system has remained above 8.6% at midday, while the standalone PV system has dropped to 6.85% under the same conditions. The researchers used perovskite modules, pyranometers, thermometers, and a gravity-fed cooling system for six-hour daily performance monitoring. The study further stated that a Random Forest model has predicted system efficiency categories with 97% accuracy using irradiance and temperature data.