Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, a Ghana-based public research university, has conducted a comparative study on institutional cooking technologies across four senior high schools. Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology has stated that the solar PV electric steam cooker, which is integrated with sand-based thermal energy storage and brick insulation, has recorded approximately 90% lower energy consumption than traditional biomass cookstoves. The university has reported that the solar system has achieved a thermal efficiency of 37.4%, whereas the biomass cookstoves were operating at only 14.8 - 14.9% under similar conditions. Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology has also observed that the solar cooker has eliminated direct emissions and reduced cooking water requirements. According to the university, the levelized cooking cost for the solar system has ranged from $4.8 to $6.3 per meal, while biomass alternatives were between $8.4 and $10.5. Reported payback periods ranged from 4.8 to 6.8 years, but capital subsidies between 40% and 80% have reduced them to 0.5 - 1 year.