The study appearing in Journal of Physics D, has compared room-temperature sputtered amorphous indium zinc oxide and polycrystalline indium tin oxide electrodes for transparent perovskite solar cells. Amorphous IZO has enabled devices to reach 18.22% efficiency, exceeding polycrystalline ITO at 15.84%, as per the study. Its performance gains have resulted from lower sheet resistance, stronger mobility, smoother films, and higher infrared transmittance. IIT Bombay researchers have also identified interface defects restricting polycrystalline indium tin oxide within transparent architectures. Therefore, the study has concluded that amorphous indium zinc oxide provides superior electrical, optical, and morphological performance.