Fraunhofer ISE, a Germany-based solar research institute, together with the University of Freiburg and Philipps-University Marburg, has reported advances in laminated carbon electrodes for perovskite solar cells. The researchers said that conventional blade-coated electrodes often damage charge transport layers such as Spiro-OMeTAD, while laminated films were effective in avoiding this issue but typically showed high resistance. Predried laminated carbon films that were treated with o-xylene have reduced porosity and interfacial voids, thereby lowering sheet and contact resistance. These changes have increased the fill factor and raised cell efficiency from 15.6% to 18.9% under standard test conditions. When optimized electron transport layers were applied, gold-based devices achieved 21.4% efficiency, while solvent-treated laminated carbon devices reached 20.4% efficiency. Out of the solvents that were tested, o-xylene was determined to deliver the most reproducible outcomes, with higher open-circuit voltages and less hysteresis. Structural modifications and resistance reductions were confirmed through thermography, simulations, and microscopy, suggesting optical optimization could close performance gaps.