Researchers from the School of Energy Science and Engineering at Central South University have developed an electrothermal model to evaluate passive cooling in solar cells. The study has shown that combining radiative and evaporative cooling raised solar cell output by more than 12%, increasing power from 181.8 W/m² to 204.1 W/m². Anti-reflection coatings were identified as essential on the front side, while evaporative cooling on the back side provided stronger adaptability due to the high enthalpy of water. Radiative cooling was limited by the high thermal emittance of glass covers, though anti-reflection reduced some of these effects. The model, built on the first law of thermodynamics, incorporated intrinsic solar cell parameters with optical and thermal calculations. Researchers said that future designs should adopt multi-mode passive cooling and consider atmospheric water recycling capacity.