China-based PV module manufacturer Longi has reported a solar cell efficiency of 26.6 % in its Hi-MO X10 modules. This was achieved by applying passivation layers on both the front and rear surfaces of the silicon wafer. As per Longi, the passivation layer reduces surface defects and limits charge recombination, which contributes to improved charge carrier management. The company stated that this method has resulted in a gain of 15 millivolts in open-circuit voltage when compared with TOPCon-based cells. The application of passivation on both sides of the wafer has been used to manage electron behavior and control surface-level energy losses. Longi has indicated that the structural change focuses on enhancing voltage stability without altering the overall module dimensions or introducing changes to external cell architecture.