The study, led by Professor Thomas Anthopoulos at The University of Manchester, has examined how modifying surface-coating molecules improved the stability of perovskite solar cells. The research focused on amidinium ligands and their role in controlling the formation of low-dimensional perovskite layers on conventional three-dimensional structures. These layers has reduced defect formation, supported charge transport and limited degradation under heat and light exposure. Using this approach, the solar cells achieved a power conversion efficiency of 25.4% and retained more than 95% of performance after 1,100 hours of continuous operation at 85°C under full sunlight. The findings were reported in Science and addressed dimensional engineering in inverted perovskite solar cells.