The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), an Abu Dhabi-based intergovernmental body supporting renewable energy deployment, has examined how PV plants interact with surrounding land and water environments. The analysis explains that environmental outcomes of PV projects depend on site selection, plant design and land management practices. It highlights agrivoltaics, where crops continue to be cultivated beneath or around PV modules on the same land area. The report also describes solar grazing, where livestock graze within PV sites and help control vegetation growth around solar arrays. According to IRENA, fPV systems installed on reservoirs or other water bodies can reduce water evaporation and influence water conditions. The analysis further notes aquavoltaics, where fPV installations operate alongside aquaculture activities within the same water bodies. It also states that PV plants developed on degraded land may support vegetation recovery and reduce soil erosion when properly managed.