The Institute of Materials Science of Seville a Spain-based research institution has developed a hybrid PV panel. The Spanish research team has applied a 100 nanometer thick fluorinated polymer film to a perovskite PV cell. This coating has utilized the triboelectric effect when raindrops strike and slide across the surface. The hybrid PV panel has generated open-circuit voltage peaks of up to 110 V from the impact of a single raindrop. Power density has reached about 4 mW per sq cms during laboratory tests. The film has increased water contact angle to 110 degrees and light transparency to over 90%. Researchers have retained over 50% of initial efficiency after 10 days of high heat and humidity exposure. The hybrid device has maintained performance for over 15 minutes in liquid water immersion. The technology has supported self-charging prototypes that power LED arrays from sunlight and raindrops.